How many countries have Mars rovers? What are the characteristics of the climate and environment on Mars?

Humans have been using telescopes to observe Mars since the 1600s. Because Mars is the closest planet to Earth. People are still observing what the climate and environment on Mars are like. Smart humans have invented the Mars rover, which is a man-made spacecraft used to explore Mars. Let's learn more about it!

Contents of this article

1. How many countries have Mars rovers?

2. What are the characteristics of the climate and environment on Mars?

3. What is the main gas on Mars?

How many countries have Mars rovers?

Three countries have sent Mars probes. A Mars probe is a man-made spacecraft used to explore Mars, including spacecraft that pass by Mars, artificial satellites that orbit Mars, landers that land on the surface of Mars, Mars rovers that can move freely on the surface of Mars, and future manned Mars spacecraft.

Humans have used telescopes to observe Mars since the 1600s. On November 27, 1971, the Soviet Mars 2 lander crashed on the surface of Mars, becoming the first man-made object to reach the surface of Mars. Yinghuo-1 is the first Mars probe in China's Mars exploration program. Mars was called Yinghuo in ancient times, and China's first Mars probe was named Yinghuo-1 after the homonym of the name.

What are the characteristics of the climate on Mars?

The climate and environment on Mars are characterized by a very thin atmosphere, with an average surface pressure of only 7.5 millibars (about 0.75% of that on Earth), 95% carbon dioxide, 3% nitrogen, 1.6% hydrogen, very little oxygen, water vapor, carbon monoxide, neon, krypton and xenon, and a lot of dust.

Mars is basically a desert planet, with sand dunes and gravel all over the surface and no stable liquid water (on September 28, 2015, NASA announced that there is a small amount of water on Mars). The atmosphere, which is mainly composed of carbon dioxide, is both thin and cold, with sand and dust suspended in it, and dust storms often occur every year. There are polar caps composed of water ice and dry ice at both poles of Mars, which grow and decline with the seasons.

What is the main gas on Mars?

The main component of the atmosphere on Mars is carbon dioxide. The surface temperature can reach 28 degrees during the day at the equator and drop to -132 degrees at night. There are rocks, volcanoes, deserts, and crisscrossing riverbeds on the surface, but no water. Probes such as the Viking lander have landed on Mars, but no signs of life have been found.