The difference between the second and third generation of test tube

In vitro fertilization has become a medical technology that is becoming more and more mature and accepted by more and more people. Through this technology, many couples who cannot conceive normally have conceived their own children. Of course, with the development of time, test-tube babies have now developed to the third generation. So. What are the differences between the first, second and third generation of test tube babies? Please see the introduction below!

1. The first generation of test tube babies

It refers to an assisted reproductive system in which the patient's eggs and sperm are mixed in a culture dish to allow the eggs to be fertilized naturally, and then the fertilized eggs and the embryos produced by in vitro culture are transplanted into the patient's uterus. The first generation of test-tube babies is also called conventional test-tube babies. The first generation of IVF technology is mainly an assisted reproductive technology developed to target female infertility!

On July 25, 1978, the world's first test-tube baby, Louise Brown, was born in the UK and was hailed as a miracle in human medical history.

In 2007, Louise Brown, who had grown up, gave birth to a healthy baby boy, proving that there is no difference between test-tube babies and ordinary babies.

Defects of the first generation of test tubes: IVF usually involves placing sperm and eggs in the same culture dish and allowing them to combine naturally, which is called "conventional fertilization." But sometimes due to various reasons, fertilization fails.

2. Second-generation test-tube babies

In 1992, Belgian doctors Palermo and Liu Jiaen successfully used intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in humans for the first time. This technology can inject a sperm directly into the egg cell by microinjection in a culture dish to achieve artificial fertilization, which is a good solution to infertility caused by male factors.

Indications

1. Severe oligozoospermia, asthenozoospermia, and teratozoospermia

2. Irreversible obstructive azoospermia

3. Spermatogenesis dysfunction (excluding genetic defects)

4. Immune infertility

5. In vitro fertilization failure

6. Sperm acrosome abnormality

7. Preimplantation genetic testing is required

Second-generation defects: This technology directly injects a single sperm into the egg, which violates the biological laws of natural fertilization and carries a great genetic risk.

3. Third-generation test-tube babies

Based on the first or second generation of test tube baby technology, the genetic material of the fertilized embryo that has been cultured and developed into an 8-cell embryo is taken for cytogenetic or molecular genetic examination to diagnose whether there are any abnormalities, screen healthy embryos for transplantation, and prevent the transmission of genetic diseases in order to achieve the purpose of eugenics.

The third generation of test tube babies can also identify the gender of the baby, allowing the baby to freely choose between a boy or a girl.

PGD ​​gene screening is suitable for the population

1. Single gene genetic diseases: autosomal recessive inheritance, β-globin production disorder anemia, fibrocystic changes; autosomal dominant genetic diseases,

2. Abnormal triplet repeat sequence: such as fragile X chromosome syndrome.

3. Abnormalities in chromosome number and structure: aneuploidy, balanced translocation, Robertsonian translocation, etc.

Advantages of the third generation: It has the highest success rate among all current IVF technologies. It can conduct genetic disease and congenital disease screening before embryo implantation to ensure good birth and upbringing.

The so-called first-generation test-tube babies mainly solve the infertility problem caused by females, the so-called second-generation test-tube babies mainly solve the infertility problem caused by males, and the so-called third-generation test-tube babies mainly solve the problem of eugenics. Different technologies have different indications.