What are the hazards of pregnancy complicated with Chlamydia trachomatis infection?

Pregnancy diseases and Chlamydia trachomatis infection pose a great threat to pregnant women and fetuses, because these phenomena can easily cause miscarriage in pregnant women, or lead to premature rupture of membranes and premature birth, and some may even cause ectopic pregnancy.

1. Spontaneous abortion: Whether Chlamydia trachomatis can cause spontaneous abortion is still inconclusive. Literature research results all suggest that Chlamydia trachomatis infection is related to spontaneous abortion, especially repeated spontaneous abortion. Witkln et al. reported that the incidence of Chlamydia antibody IgG was higher in the recurrent spontaneous abortion group than in the normal fertility group. The mechanism of its occurrence includes: Chlamydia trachomatis infection causes decidual choriocarcinitis, which hinders the implantation of fertilized eggs and early embryonic development. After the body is infected with Chlamydia trachomatis, the first cellular response that occurs is the CD4-mediated delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction, which produces a large amount of tumor necrosis factor, interferon, and interleukin. At the same time, these cytokines can trigger the release of inflammatory mediators from macrophages, thereby enhancing the immunopathological response and directly endangering embryonic development. The heat shock proteins produced by the endometrium during early pregnancy are similar to the heat shock protein-60 epitope of Chlamydia trachomatis, which antagonize fetal tissue and cause spontaneous abortion.

2. Premature rupture of membranes and premature birth: after infection with Chlamydia trachomatis during pregnancy. The incidence of premature rupture of membranes and premature birth increased significantly.

The possible mechanism of its occurrence is: after Chlamydia trachomatis infects the reproductive tract, it secretes purulent mucus, which increases the number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, destroys the lysosomal membrane on the adjacent fetal membrane, releases phospholipase A, promotes the conversion of arachidonic acid in the fetal membrane into prostaglandins, and induces uterine contractions; the release of lysosomal enzymes has a direct cytotoxic effect on the chorionic cells of the fetal membrane. Leading to fetal membrane destruction; Chlamydia trachomatis can proliferate on fetal membrane cells. The unique life cycle of Chlamydia trachomatis causes cells to be continuously destroyed, thereby weakening the tension of the fetal membrane and causing rupture.

3. Ectopic pregnancy: Repeated Chlamydia trachomatis infection leads to chronic damage to the fallopian tubes, such as adhesion, stiffness, and blockage, resulting in ectopic pregnancy (EP). In some Western homes. Sexually transmitted diseases have become a major factor in ectopic pregnancy, especially cases of Chlamydia trachomatis infection.

4. There have been many studies on the pathogenesis of ectopic pregnancy caused by Chlamydia trachomatis reproductive tract infection. The mechanism may be: Currently, it is generally recognized that immune damage causes structural damage to the fallopian tube and causes ectopic pregnancy. Studies have found that Chlamydia trachomatis tissue antigen components and Chlamydia trachomatis DNA are often present in the tissues of asymptomatic chronically infected patients. Barlow used PCR and in situ hybridization techniques to detect Chlamydia trachomatis DNA in 56% of ectopic pregnancy tissues and 71% of infertile fallopian tube tissues and endometrium.