If there is a stroke patient at home, how to provide home rehabilitation care correctly?

Stroke is a disease with a high incidence rate in clinical practice. It is also called "cerebrovascular accident" in clinical practice. It is an acute cerebrovascular disease with a high incidence rate in clinical practice. Clinically, relevant statistical results show that 70% of stroke patients will have varying degrees of speech, sensory, motor and cognitive disorders, which not only poses a great threat to the patient's life safety, but also affects the patient's daily life and seriously reduces the quality of life. In order to improve the rehabilitation effect of stroke patients, it is particularly important to do a good job in family rehabilitation nursing. This article puts forward the following suggestions.

1. Balance training

Balance training should be carried out in a step-by-step manner. First, assist the patient to sit up in bed, rotate the upper body, and practice repeatedly. Then ask the patient to sit on the edge of the seat, lift the affected leg, and train for about half an hour every day. When the patient's physical condition allows, practice standing, twisting the body left and right, front and back, and so on. Then practice walking training, starting with walking against the wall, each time for about 10 minutes, practice 3 times a day. Finally, carry out up and down stairs training, practice twice a day, 10 minutes each time. While practicing the lower limbs, also ensure that the paralyzed upper limbs are exercised. The order of upper limb training activities is: first move the fingers, then lift some daily necessities for training, and then use a fitness ball to improve the flexibility of the fingers.

2. Daily life movement training

For elderly people with stroke, the earlier they are involved in activities and training, the more likely they are to recover their limb functions. Family members should correct some wrong ideas. If you are sick, you must not stay in bed for a long time to rest and recuperate. It should be determined according to the characteristics of the disease. Patients should be ruthless in their daily training and supervised. Only in this way can patients recover their limb functions better. In daily life, patients should be encouraged to practice daily activities, such as eating with chopsticks, wearing glasses and watches, taking a bath, combing hair and washing face, brushing teeth, taking off and putting on clothes, and going to the toilet. Family members should patiently guide and help in daily life activities. Only when patients have recovered their self-care ability can the burden on the family be reduced and patients can regain the joy of life. The training method should be carried out in the order from simple to complex, from inside the room to outside, and gradually expand the scope. The specific training methods are: (1) Mat exercise: assist the patient to the mat, and then encourage the patient to move back and forth on it, practice lying sideways, lying flat, sitting up, etc., and gradually transition to practicing getting in and out of bed, and repeat the training. (2) Balance exercises with crutches: Try to use crutches to practice walking and getting in and out of a wheelchair. (3) Travel activities: Practice riding public transportation and getting in and out of a car.

3. Language rehabilitation training

Stroke patients usually have varying degrees of language barriers. They become irritable and anxious because they cannot express themselves. Therefore, family members need to carefully observe the patient's expression, understand what the patient wants to express, and meet the patient's needs. At the same time, patients should be encouraged to practice speaking in front of a mirror or use coughing to induce throat pronunciation. The practice should be from short to long, from simple to complex, so as to promote the recovery of the patient's language function.

4. Diet adjustment

From the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine, people who eat fatty and greasy food and drink excessively will cause blockage of meridians, accumulation of moisture into phlegm, which is not conducive to the recovery of the disease. Therefore, stroke patients should mainly eat light food, avoid eating raw, cold, spicy and other irritating foods, formulate a scientific diet plan, eat small meals frequently, and avoid overeating. For patients with facial paralysis and hemiplegia, they should be fed from the side to avoid choking. Before eating, in order to prevent the patient's psychological emotions from being affected and thus causing a decrease in appetite, the patient is required to maintain a sitting position for 1-2 hours after eating to avoid food reflux. For some patients with swallowing disorders, patients are required to maintain the principle of eating small meals frequently during the diet, and the speed should be slow when eating to prevent patients from aspiration. Since stroke patients are very prone to choking when eating some liquid foods, it is recommended that patients can eat some paste-like foods, such as lotus root powder, egg cake, etc., or soak foods such as steamed buns in soup before eating.

5. Daily care

After suffering from a stroke, patients may experience language dysfunction and limb dysfunction, which seriously affect their quality of life. Family members need to pay more attention to the patient. When the weather changes, they should add more clothes to the patient. They should have a certain regularity in life to reduce the patient's stress response in life, keep the patient in a good mood, avoid excessive tension and fatigue, and arrange some entertainment activities for the patient to promote the purpose of disease recovery. Learning and mastering some massage techniques can restore the patient's motor function. Massaging the affected limb can promote local blood circulation and lymphatic circulation and prevent muscle atrophy. It should be noted that hands should be washed and nails should be cut before massage. For some patients with spastic paralysis, the technique should be gentle. For patients with flaccid paralysis, the technique should be deep and heavy to promote the excitability of nerve activity. Each massage lasts about 30 minutes, twice a day. There are three specific massage techniques: (1) Massage method: Use the palm of your hand to massage the affected part along the direction of lymphatic return and gently massage to help venous lymphatic return. (2) Probing and rubbing method: Use the palm or the base of the palm to rub the affected skin with even force to create a burning sensation locally and promote blood circulation in the subcutaneous tissue. (3) Kneading method: Use the palm to perform relative rotational massage on the affected area to improve the nutrition of the muscles and ligaments.

6. Home environment

After suffering a stroke, the patient will be unable to move independently within a short period of time. Since they spend a long time at home, in order to meet the needs of patients, it is necessary to make appropriate adjustments to the furnishings at home. For example, the seats and sofas should not be too low or too soft. The seats can be raised to make it easier for patients to stand up. In addition, the bed should also be raised to facilitate patients to get in and out of bed. The bathroom is a place where stroke patients move frequently during their recuperation at home, and it is also a place where patients are easily injured. The family members of stroke patients are required to install anti-slip facilities in the bathroom, such as installing handrails next to the toilet to facilitate patients to sit down and stand up more easily when using the toilet, which plays a positive role in preventing accidents.

7. Bed and body position

After suffering from a stroke, the patient needs to stay in bed for a long time, and the amount of activity is significantly reduced, which causes the local tissue of the patient to be in a state of pressure for a long time, thereby increasing the probability of bedsores, which will seriously affect the patient's physical recovery. Therefore, the family members of stroke patients are required to clean the bedding so as to create a comfortable recovery environment for the patient. After defecation and urination, the perineum and anus need to be cleaned in time, and the bed sheets and quilts need to be changed in time to ensure that the bed is drier and cleaner. Inform the patient not to lie directly on plastic cloth and rubber. And require the patient to change the posture when lying in bed, and turn over frequently, so as to prevent the occurrence of bedsores. Require the patient to maintain the correct posture to prevent edema, joint spasm and foot drop. It takes 1-2 hours to turn the patient over once, and 50% alcohol should be used to massage the patient's back. After turning over, pay attention to your body position and posture to prevent compression of the patient's affected limb.

The effectiveness of rehabilitation care is directly related to the prognosis of stroke patients. As an important nursing content during the rehabilitation period of stroke patients, home rehabilitation care is recommended to implement rehabilitation care from the aspects of balance training, daily life movement training, language rehabilitation exercises, diet adjustment, daily life care, home environment, bed and body posture. After rehabilitation care, it will help ensure that patients recover their health as soon as possible.