Hypertension is terrible, diabetes is terrible, and hypertension combined with diabetes is even more terrible. Pay attention to these points

In recent years, with the improvement of people's living standards and the change of work rhythm, the incidence of hypertension and diabetes has become increasingly higher. Hypertension and diabetes have seriously affected people's health and the medical burden is high. If hypertension is combined with diabetes, the impact on the patient's health will be even greater. What is the relationship between hypertension and diabetes and what should patients with hypertension and diabetes pay attention to? This is what we need to discuss and learn.

Hypertension is a complex, progressive cardiovascular syndrome caused by the interaction of multiple causes, and is one of the important independent risk factors for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Therefore, it is not uncommon to have hypertension and diabetes at the same time.

The combined presence of hypertension and diabetes has a synergistic effect on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular damage. It can be said that how to scientifically and effectively manage patients with hypertension and diabetes is of great significance for preventing the occurrence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, improving the quality of life, and prolonging the life of patients.

Is there a relationship between hypertension and diabetes? Hypertension is one of the common complications and concomitant diseases of diabetes. The prevalence of diabetes and hypertension increases with age. Clinically, diabetes is usually combined with hypertension, which is mostly related to genetic factors, bad living habits, etc. In severe cases, it often induces cerebral vascular sclerosis, myocardial infarction, etc.

The probability of diabetics suffering from hypertension is twice that of non-diabetics. The occurrence of hypertension in patients with type 1 diabetes is often related to worsening kidney damage. Type 2 diabetes often coexists with hypertension at an early stage. When diabetes is discovered, 30%-50% of patients already have hypertension. Hypertension can occur before type 2 diabetes. About 10% of hypertensive patients have diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance. Hypertensive patients are 2.5 times more likely to develop diabetes than those with normal blood pressure. Conversely, insulin resistance, elevated blood sugar, and kidney damage in diabetic patients can all cause hypertension. The coexistence of diabetes and hypertension significantly increases the risk of the occurrence and progression of cardiovascular disease, stroke, nephropathy, and retinopathy, and also increases the mortality rate of diabetic patients.

In addition, these two diseases are often associated with each other. If diabetic patients develop kidney involvement and diabetic nephropathy, they may experience elevated blood pressure. Generally, in the fourth stage of diabetic nephropathy, patients will have overt proteinuria. At this time, the glomerular filtration rate decreases, and patients may experience edema and hypertension. As the disease progresses, persistent hypertension and edema may occur in end-stage renal disease, as well as a continued decrease in glomerular filtration rate. In short, diabetes and hypertension are closely related. Once diabetes is combined with hypertension, active intervention and comprehensive treatments such as lowering blood sugar and controlling blood pressure should be implemented to improve the patient's quality of life.

Precautions for diabetes + hypertension 1. Improve your lifestyle. This is the common basis for treating diabetes and hypertension. Eat a reasonable diet and control your total daily calories. Reduce the intake of animal fat. Limit salt intake, with no more than 5 grams of salt per person per day. Do not drink alcohol or smoke.

2. Exercise appropriately. Exercise can lower blood sugar and blood pressure, reduce weight, enhance physical strength, and reduce insulin resistance. You can choose to do brisk walking, jogging, Tai Chi, etc., 5 times a week, about 30 minutes each time. Control emotional excitement and mental tension, maintain a healthy mental state, and avoid fluctuations in blood pressure and blood sugar.

3. Treat with hypoglycemic and antihypertensive drugs. It is not contradictory to treat both at the same time. Antihypertensive drugs have developed rapidly in recent years and there are many varieties. Patients should choose drugs according to their own blood pressure characteristics, age, complications and economic conditions under the guidance of doctors. Individualized treatment should be emphasized.

4. Self-monitoring. Regularly monitor blood sugar levels and measure blood pressure once or twice a week. For people with normal high blood pressure, the blood pressure target is below 140/90 mmHg, but for people with diabetes and high blood pressure, this standard cannot be met and must be below 130/80 mmHg.

5. Find the pattern of blood pressure fluctuations, select and adjust medication. It is recommended that patients bring their own sphygmomanometers and measure their own blood pressure to better monitor blood pressure. Monitor complications every 3 to 6 months, such as electrocardiograms, cardiac ultrasound, urine protein, fundus examination, etc. Early diagnosis and early treatment of various complications can reduce disability and mortality rates.

Most patients with hypertension and diabetes have blood viscosity. After menopause, estrogen decreases sharply, causing the body's antioxidant capacity to drop sharply, leading to blood viscosity and a decrease in the body's oxygen utilization rate. As a result, not only does blood pressure rise, but glucagon secretion is excessive, pushing up blood sugar. Hypertensive patients usually need to control their blood pressure by taking antihypertensive drugs. They can take the drugs under the guidance of a doctor and eat a light diet in daily life.

Hypertension will accelerate the development of diabetic nephropathy, and the accelerated progression of diabetic nephropathy will cause further increase in blood pressure, forming a vicious cycle. For patients with diabetes and hypertension, it is important to develop good habits, eat a balanced diet, and exercise.

In conclusion, I hope everyone will pay attention to this: from an economic point of view, spending 1 yuan on disease prevention can achieve the same effect as spending 10 yuan on treatment, so prevention is more important than treatment, and this applies to any disease. Hypertension and diabetes are behavioral diseases, and their occurrence is more closely related to behavioral factors, so we must pay attention to the prevention of hypertension and diabetes. I have some friends who, after getting hypertension and diabetes, did not avoid certain foods, and continued to smoke and drink, which made their illnesses more serious after being out of control for a long time. Some of them even had cardiovascular and cerebrovascular accidents, which was very regrettable. So I hope everyone will take disease prevention seriously, and behavioral diseases must abandon unhealthy behaviors!