Keratin beads

Invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix is ​​currently divided into two types in clinical medicine: keratinizing and non-keratinizing. The keratinization type is roughly equivalent to well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. In squamous cell carcinoma with a relatively high degree of differentiation, the cells are generally larger in size, with obvious keratinized beads, and intercellular bridges can be seen. The cell atypia is relatively mild, and there are no obvious mitotic figures or mitotic figures are relatively rare. It is a cancer with a relatively low level of malignancy and a relatively good prognosis.

The non-keratinizing type refers to squamous cell carcinoma that is roughly equivalent to moderately differentiated and poorly differentiated. Generally, the volume of the cells is large or small. Single-cell keratinization can be seen, but there are no keratinization beads, and the intercellular bridges are not obvious. The cell atypia is more prominent, and there are more nuclear division figures. Compared with the keratinizing type, it is a type with a slightly higher degree of malignancy and a relatively poor prognosis.

Non-keratinizing nasopharyngeal carcinoma was previously diagnosed as poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, but now it is mostly called non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma. More than 98% of nasopharyngeal carcinomas are squamous cell carcinomas. In the field of oncology, to be precise, we are not talking about cure. So far, there is no international term that cancer can be cured. However, there is a term that says people can survive without a tumor for 10-30 years, or live with a tumor for 2-5 years. This term is more precise and objective. The survival period of non-keratinizing nasopharyngeal carcinoma is relatively long. With reliable and standardized treatment, the survival rate can reach 50%-70%. At present, the testing and treatment levels are still being improved, and the 5-year survival rate is still increasing. It has been reported in the past that it has reached more than 70%.

The early symptoms of non-keratinizing nasopharyngeal carcinoma mainly include the following aspects:

1. Nasal congestion: Most cases are unilateral, but some cases are bilateral;

2. Blood in the nose: blood in the nose, mainly in the first breath of blood in the nose after waking up in the morning, which is often ignored and often thought to be rhinitis or sinusitis;

3. Tinnitus and hearing loss: They think it is otitis media and delay treatment;

4. Headache: 70% of patients have headache symptoms before being diagnosed with nasopharyngeal carcinoma, most commonly migraines, or even cervical vertebrae pain;

5. Neck lump: You may accidentally find a lump on the upper neck during bathing or routine physical examination. The lump is relatively hard and has poor mobility. Several lymph nodes may be combined together, or it may be a lump on the waist without tenderness or swelling.

If any of the above 5 symptoms occurs, you must pay attention to it and go to the hospital immediately for medical treatment to establish a diagnosis to avoid delaying the disease. If you have a family history of nasopharyngeal cancer and experience such symptoms, you should go to the hospital outpatient clinic as soon as possible. The second is high-risk factors, such as a history of indoor formaldehyde exposure, dust exposure, and excessive intake of metallic chlorine in diet, water or rice, which should be taken seriously. Even in clinical medicine, if you like to eat pickled foods and have the above symptoms, you should go to the hospital for medical treatment in time to avoid delaying the disease.